CPR History Timeline
(Data collected from many sources. All are listed at bottom of page.)
ECC 2010 San Diego, CA
1740
The Paris Academy of Sciences officially recommended mouth-to-mouth resuscitation for drowning victims.
1767
The Society for the Recovery of Drowned Persons became the first organized effort to deal with sudden and unexpected death.
1891
Dr. Friedrich Maass performed the first equivocally documented chest compression in humans.
1900
The lifeless body of a young girl was pulled from the River Seine in Paris, France. There was no evidence of violence and it was assumed that she had taken her own life. Since her identity could not be established, a death mask was made, as was customary in such a case. Several romantic stories based on this mystery were published. According to one, her death was the result of an unrequited romance. This legend became popular throughout Europe, as did reproductions of her death mask. She was known as the Girl from the River Seine.
1903
Dr. George Crile reported the first successful use of external chest compressions in human resuscitation.
1904
The first American case of closed-chest cardiac massage was performed by Dr. George Crile.
1954
James Elam was the first to prove that expired air was sufficient to maintain adequate oxygenation.
1956
Peter Safar and James Elam invented mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
1957
The United States military adopted the mouth-to-mouth resuscitation method to revive unresponsive victims.
1958
Asmund Laerdal of Stavanger, Norway, a doll and toy maker by trade, began work on a life-like manikin for training people on mouth to mouth resuscitation. Inspired by the mask of the young girl who died so young, he commissioned the well-known sculptress Emma Mathiassen to model a manikin face in her likeness. Thus, the spirit of the Girl from the River Seine again came to life as Resusci Anne in 1960.
1960
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was developed. The American Heart Association started a program to acquaint physicians with close-chest cardiac resuscitation and became the forerunner of CPR training for the general public.
1963
Cardiologist Leonard Scherlis started the American Heart Association’s CPR Committee, and the same year, the American Heart Association formally endorsed CPR.
1966
The National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences convened an ad hoc conference on cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The conference was the direct result of requests from the American National Red Cross and other agencies to establish standardized training and performance standards for CPR.
1972
Leonard Cobb held the world’s first mass citizen training in CPR in Seattle, Washington called Medic 2. He helped train over 100,000 people the first two years of the programs.
1973
Second National Conference on CPR and ECC.
1979
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) is developed after discussions held at the Third National Conference on CPR.
1981
A program to provide telephone instructions in CPR began in King County, Washington. The program used emergency dispatchers to give instant directions while the fire department and EMT personnel were en route to the scene. Dispatcher-assisted CPR is now standard care for dispatcher centers throughout the United States.
1983
AHA convened a national conference on pediatric resuscitation to develop CPR and ECC Guidelines for pediatric and neonatal patients.
1985
Fourth National Conference on CPR and ECC.
1988
AHA introduces first pediatric courses, pediatric BLS, pediatric ALS and neonatal resuscitation, cosponsored with The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
1990s
Early Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) programs are developed with the goal in mind to provide training and resources to the public so they are able to aid in the successful resuscitation of sudden cardiac arrest victims.
1992
Fifth National Conference on CPR and ECC.
1992
International Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) founded
1999
First task force on first aid was appointed
2000
First International Conference on Guidelines for CPR and ECC
2004
AHA and ILCOR releases a statement regarding the use of AEDs on children. It is determined that an AED may be used for children 1 to 8 years of age who have no signs of circulation.
2005
AHA developed the Family & Friends CPR Anytime kit, a revolutionary product that allows anyone to learn the core skills of CPR in just 20 minutes. The kit contains everything needed to learn basic CPR, AED skills and choking relief anywhere, from the comfort of your home to a large group setting
2005
The 2005 International Consensus on ECC and CPR Science with Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) Conference produces the 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for CPR & ECC. These Guidelines reveal a new compression: ventilation ratio as well as changes to AED usage.
2008
The AHA releases a statement about Hands-Only CPR, saying that bystanders who witness the sudden collapse of an adult should dial 911 and provide high-quality chest compressions by pushing hard and fast in the middle of the victims chest.
2010
The 2010 International Consensus on ECC and CPR Science with Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) Conference produces the 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for CPR & ECC;
-50th Anniversary of CPR
2010
EMS treats about 300,000 victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest each year in the U.S.
-The American Heart Association trains more than 12 million people in CPR annually, including healthcare professionals and the general public.
-EMS treats about 300,000 victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest each year in the U.S.
-Less than eight percent of people who suffer cardiac arrest outside the hospital survive.
-Sudden cardiac arrest can happen to anyone at any time. Many victims appear healthy with no known heart disease or other risk factors.
-Sudden cardiac arrest is not the same as a heart attack. Sudden cardiac arrest occurs when electrical impulses in the heart become rapid or chaotic, which causes the heart to suddenly stop beating. A heart attack occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is blocked. A heart attack may cause cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
-Less than one-third of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest victims receive bystander CPR.
-Effective bystander CPR, provided immediately after sudden cardiac arrest, can double or triple a victims chance of survival.
-The American Heart Association trains more than 12 million people in CPR annually, including healthcare professionals and the general public.
-The most effective rate for chest compressions is greater than 100 compressions per minute which is the same rhythm as the beat of the BeeGees song, Stayin Alive. Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs)
-Unless CPR and defibrillation are provided within minutes of collapse, few attempts at resuscitation are successful.
-Even if CPR is performed, defibrillation with an AED is required to stop the abnormal rhythm and restore a normal heart rhythm.
-New technology has made AEDs simple and user-friendly. Clear audio and visual cues tell users what to do when using an AED and coach people through CPR. A shock is delivered only if the victim needs it.
-AEDs are now widely available in public places such as schools, airports and workplaces.
Teens/Youth
-About 5,900 children 18 years old and under suffer out-of-hospital cardiac arrest each year from all causes including trauma, cardiovascular causes and sudden infant death syndrome.
-The incidence of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest in high school athletes ranges from 0.28 to 1 death per 100,000 high school athletes annually in the U.S.
-The American Heart Association does not have a minimum age requirement for people to learn CPR. The ability to perform CPR is based more on body strength rather than age.
-Studies have shown that children as young as 9 years old can learn and retain CPR skills.
List of Sources for this Data
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cardiopulmonary_resuscitation http://www.usmra.com/guardian/history_of_cpr.htm http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/CPRAndECC/WhatisCPR/CPRFactsandStats/History-of-CPR_UCM_307549_Article.jsp
If you see something that needs to be corrected, please email me with the corrections.
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